GERUND PHRASES AR, ER, IR. Introduction : The gerund ( gerundio ) is a special, invariable form of the verb which always ends in -ndo in Spanish, for example: hablando , comiendo , viviendo . An alternate name for it is simply “the -ndo form”. In English it is translated as the “-ing” form of the verb (for example, “speaking”), which has lead to the frequent mistake of calling this form the “present participle”. The gerund is a verb form which has an adverbial function, not an adjectival function like a participle, nor a noun function like an infinitive. Forms : To form the gerund, remove the infinitive ending ( -ar , -er , or -ir ) of a verb and add -ando for -ar verbs, and -iendo for -er and -ir verbs: caminar > caminando; volver > volviendo; abrir > abriendo . There are a few special cases: Verbs of the second and third conjugations for which the stem ends in a vowel, change the ending -iendo to -yendo : leer > leyendo; caer >
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